Try increasing gamma if dark sections aren't distinguished

Try increasing gamma if dark sections aren't distinguished

Saturday, July 14, 2018

Ultra Venus

Venus is covered by a thick layer of clouds which shines brightly, making it the brightest planet in the sky.  See prior Venus overview.  Visually it appears to be a featureless white disk which goes thru phases like the moon.  However, UltraViolet light shows rapidly moving clouds, thought to be composed of sulfuric acid and aerosols(wikipedia):  

Venus Visible light 7/3/2018 ~3:30 UTC

Venus Ultraviolet colorized 7/3/2018 ~3:30 UTC

Venus Ultraviolet grey scale 7/3/2018 ~3:30 UTC

Venus Ultraviolet 7/2/2018 ~3:30 UT
Venus Ultraviolet 7/14/2018 3:35 UT
Venus Ultraviolet colorized  7/14/2018 3:35 UT


No detail in this one:
Venus Ultraviolet 7/4/2018 ~3:30 UT

Couldn't pick up any detail in IR:
Venus Infrared 7/3/2018 ~3:30 UTC

Imaging details:
imaging in UV was complicated by light loss and poor focusing of UV light by glass elements in the image train, increased UV susceptibility to atmospheric distortion, and turbulent air near sunset when Venus is visible.
typical capture
Celestron 11 edge HD
Camera=ZWO ASI290MM
Frames captured=109386
Duration=400.921s
FPS (avg.)=272
Shutter=3.206ms
Gain=361 (60%)
Histogramm=33%
Baader U filter: 350nm, bandwidth 60nm (320-380nm)
Baader IR pass "685" nm

Eastbluff
Southern California

Sunday, July 1, 2018

summer saturnalia

Still celebrating a summer Saturnalia.  I've had a run of the best seeing locally in several years.  It's a great time for planetary observing with Venus at sunset, Jupiter transiting at a gentlemanly 9 pm, Saturn near opposition around midnight, and then a blazing Mars rising in the east, approaching  opposition later this month.  

Here are more images from my recent capture of the Saturn's polar hexagon.  Infrared, up-sampling the video by a factor of 3.  
Saturn with north polar hexagon, infrared image 6/26/18 7:45 UTC


Here's a north polar projection, showing the hexagon:




The hexagon was not visible in my RGB image (click on image for full size):
Saturn RGB 6/26/18 7:45 UTC


Here, I've added infrared as luminance to bring out the hexagon in the RGB image.  You can also see that the banding on the disk is much more prominent in infrared (click on image for full size).
Saturn with north polar hexagon, RGB with IR luminance  6/26/18 7:45 UTC




Lastly, here's an annotated wider field:


The cause of the hexagon is still not clear.  One theory is that a hexagon forms where there is a steep variation in the speed and viscosity of atmospheric winds.  The hexagon was blue when it was discovered by the voyager probe in 1981, but has changed to a gold color.  More information on the hexagon at wikipedia.  

The north polar hexagon can only be imaged from earth when Saturn's north pole is tilted towards us.  It was maximally tilted towards us last year and will be tilting away for the next 15 years, when the south pole will be facing us, then begin tilting back.  So you can see the source of my urgency in capturing it.  

image details
celestron 11" Edge HD
ZWO ASI 290MM
zwo RGB filters, Baader IR pass "685" nm
processed in PIPP
upsampled 3x in autostakkert
sharpened in registax
combined in winjupos
6/26/18  07:45 UT
Eastbluff
Southern California

Tuesday, June 26, 2018

Eureka, The Hex!

neared Saturnian nirvana last night 
think i got a legit shot of the hexagon
if you look closely at the top dark ring, you can see the corners:
Saturn Infrared


image details
celestron 11" Edge HD
ZWO ASI290MM
Baader IR pass "685" nm
3 minute capture
FPS (avg.)=269
Shutter=3.532ms
Gain=351 (58%)
33% histogram
upsampled 2x in autostakkert
sharpened in registax
6/26/18  07:45 UT
Eastbluff

Southern California

Friday, June 15, 2018

Jellyfish, Supernova Remnant IC 443


The Jellyfish nebula is a large supernova remnant in the constellation Gemini. Hydrogen (Ha-red) and Oxygen (OIII-blue):
IC 443 in Ha and OIII
click for larger size
Here's a bright starless Ha version in jellyfish orientation with the "body" up top and "tendrils" reaching down:
Jellyfish Nebula Ha


The OIII signal is much more faint than the Ha, it was boosted in the above image to show the OIII detail. 

A darker version with the blue OIII barely visible


Blink comparing starless Ha and OIII versions:
IC 443 in hydrogen and oxygen
Note that in OIII it looks much more like an expanding ring of gas resulting from an explosion than Ha. 

Here are brighter versions of Ha:
IC 443 Ha
and OIII:
IC 443 OIII
The nebula is 50 arc minutes, larger than a full moon.

Now some of you crab nebula fans are probably asking where is the neutron star remnant? Is there a pulsar, pulsar wind?  The box lower left, is the location of a presumed pulsar--a spinning neutron star left over from the star that exploded:

The blinking spot is the approximate location of the pulsar.  
The thin filament seen in Ha (red) going to the left and upwards slightly, follows  the line of apparent motion of the neutron star superimposed on the pulsar wind (see below). 
There is still some debate as to whether this structure was responsible for the supernova due to it's off-center location.  The assumption is that it was an asymmetric blast. 

The Neutron star was only recently discovered.  It was not detected in visible light, but found by the Chandra X-ray observatory along with a surrounding pulsar wind nebula:
Chandra X-ray image

Though Chandra detected the x-ray source, pulsations were not detected.  The estimated period is 0.1-0.6 seconds, which was below the sensitivity of the equipment, i blinked it at .2 s ;)

The second box, upper right, looks like it might be a small planetary nebula.  
However, SIMBAD lists a star cluster, molecular cloud, and bright nebula at this location--no planetary nebula:
Teutsch GN J0615.3+2253 -- Bright Nebula
  6 15 21.1 +22 53 27


Image details:
When I first shot it, I forgot that it was a supernova remnant and took a few test shots in SII and NII, only to find that they appeared to simply mirror the Ha with much weaker signal.
Despite imaging with narrower band width and 2x binning, the OIII is still much more faint than the Ha.
FS102, SX Trius 694 FL 627.3 mm, 1.49"/Pixel unbinned, reduced in photoshop to 3.9"/px
astrodon 5nm Ha, 3nm OIII filters
ASA DDM60
Ha 102x10 min + 20x10 min bx2
OIII 152x10 min bx2
total 45 hours 40 minutes ;)
1/14-2/23/2018, bortle white skies
eastbluff, CA

Sunday, June 10, 2018

first Jupiter of the year 6/8/18 6 AM UTC good seeing

Here's my first jupiter of the year:
Jupiter and moons 2018-06-08-0512 UT

seeing was unusually good:
Jupiter 2018-06-08-0611_1 R-G-B

spent all last year tweaking equipment trying to get a good planetary image and got mush.  this year, first time out with older equipment i got lucky with good seeing, blowing away anything i did with my fine tuned rig last year :(

a few comparisons for imagers:
RGB camera up sampled 2x vs barlow:
RGB camera upsized x2
RGB camera 2x barlow
close, but very slight edge to the barlow

RGB camera barlowed 3x2 minute runs combined:


mono camera 1 minute x 2 each channel:


corrector fogged out before i could get a barlowed mono image :(


image details
celestron nexstar 8 GPS (8" SCT on a wedge)
wide view
ZWO ASI120MC
2 minutes with firecapture 5 ms exposures @ 21 fps
6/8/18 5:12 UTC

large view
ZWO ASI290MM
ZWO RGB filters,
2x60 second captures for each filter R G B
captures with firecapture ~5ms @ ~180 fps 30% histogram
6/8/18 6:11 UTC
stacked in autostakkert (upsampled x2), combined in WinJupos, sharpened in registax 6
final combine in photoshop

not shown: IR filter added little
adding small boxes closer to the edge in autostakkert, gave better peripheral detail

Eastbluff
Southern California


Monday, May 28, 2018

fiery prominence

hope others were able to get out and enjoy some sun today
looked very flame-like so i went with orange wink.gif

Solar Prominence in Ha 5/28/2018
Image details:
Lunt 60 PT DS on manual alt-azm mount
ASI 290 MM
5 second video 99 fps
Shutter=5.0 ms
Eastbluff, CA 5/28/18 22:37 UT

Sunday, April 22, 2018

re-revisiting the expanding crab nebula

here's my biennial addition to the crab nebula expansion from 2006 to 2016(17)
it appears as though the pulsar wind is outstripping the filaments, especially mid lower left:
This is an RGB image only as my earlier images were limited.
a wider version here shows a high proper motion star lower left:

Here’s is a composite of LRGB plus a touch of OIII luminance for the outer shell and faint jet up top:
M1 2016-17 LRGB OIII
Unlike most simple supernova remnants, the crab pulsar wind nebula is extremely rich in nitrogen.  so i elected to image it in NII, SII, and OIII.  Unfortunately, i didn't have time for Ha, but my impression is that the NII signal is similar to what one sees with a wide Ha filter due to the dominance of the NII.  The crab is probably not the best nebula for ultra narrow band imaging as rapid motion of the gas distorts the emission lines.  Here's a blink of the narrow band images:


The difficulty with creating a color narrow band image is that there's no apparent rhyme or reason to the SII signal, it makes no intuitive visual sense.  I tried a number of different color palettes...didn't like any of them.  then i created a blink of 3 different combinations and decided it was time to stop thinking, break out the lava lamp and play some hendrix:
Crab Nebula NII SII OIII combinations: NSO, SNO, NOS
OK coming back from outer space somewhat, here's an attempt to incorporate the SII data into a more traditional image, by coloring the SII gold/orange:
Crab Nebula LRGB NII SII OIII 2016-17
Lastly, a blink, of the narrow band images used above showing the addition of the SII in orange:
Crab Nebula NII red, SII orange, OIII blue
Last, but not least, if you haven't seen it, here's a very large/long animation i did in 2011 showing long and short term motion at the crab nebula as well as narrow band blinks (a bit grainy due to compression):
Large Animation File Link


Details:
2017
12/28/16-2/28/17
8" LX200R, SX Trius 694 and QSI 660 binned x2 to 0.8"/px, ASA DDM60
astrodon LRGB E SERIES GEN-II, NII 3 nm, SII 3nm, OIII 3 nm
L 239 x 1 min ;)
red 96 x 4 min, green 67 x 4 min, blue 67 x 4 min (included as pseudoluminance)
NII 19 x 20 min
SII 11 x 20 min
OIII 27 x 20 min

2015
11/26/14-3/9/15
8" LX200R, SX Trius 694 and QSI 660 binned x2 to 0.8"/px, ASA DDM60
astrodon LRGB E SERIES GEN-II, OIII 5 nm, chroma 540x50 nm filter (greenish continuum)
L 346 x 1 min ;)
red 33 x 4 min, green 22 x 4 min, blue 22 x 4 min (included as pseudoluminance)
OIII 24 x 20min
540x50 53 x 5min, 56 x 10min

2013
1/12/2013-3/4/2013
8" LX200R @ 0.6"/px, SX AO, Astrodon OIII 5nm, IDAS LPR filters SX H9/H9C
RGB(IDAS) 14x20 min, luminance 35x5 min with idas, 35x5 min unfiltered, plus RGB pseudoluminance
OIII 19x20 min

2010
12/6/2010-2/6/2011
8" LX200R, SX AO, Astrodon OIII 5nm IDAS LPR, SX H9/H9C
RGB 31x20 min, luminance 205x5 min plus RGB pseudoluminance, OIII 47x10 min binnned x2

2008
forgot the details there was too much star trailing for me to complete the initial processing.
aborted HaRGB

2006
1/2,3,5/06
nexstar 8 GPS, IDAS LPR filter, f/6.3 FR, SXV H9C
120x1 min, 240x30 sec (unguided)